Though California law allows people in local jails to refuse interview requests from Immigration and Customs officials, more people in San Diego this year have agreed to be interviewed without a lawyer than the number who refused.
That’s one revelation from a recent San Diego County Board of Supervisors meeting—a legally mandated forum on the implementation of the Truth Act, a California law that went into effect in 2017 that aimed to bolster jail inmates’ awareness of their rights regarding interactions with federal immigration authorities.
The Truth Act requires that when ICE places a detainer on someone—or a request to transfer a person from local law enforcement custody to immigration custody—that the local law enforcement agency must provide a copy of the request to the individual affected. It also requires immigrants to sign consent forms if they agree to an interview with ICE while in a local jail to determine their eligibility for deportation. Before signing, they are supposed to be read their rights, and can decline the interview.
Finally, it requires that, beginning this year, local governing bodies must hold community forums if the law enforcement agency under their purview had allowed ICE to access any individuals in their custody that year.
Undersheriff Michael Barnett from the San Diego Sheriff’s Department said the department was adhering to the Truth Act and to other laws governing the agency’s interaction with Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The department’s handling of those laws has made San Diego the “safest urban county in the state,” he said.
In 2017, the Sheriff’s Department processed over 82,000 inmate releases, said Lieutenant Roderick Smith. Of those, 1,143 individuals were released to ICE, or 1.4 percent of the total releases that year.
When it came to ICE requesting interviews with inmates, 195 agreed to an interview without an attorney. Fewer, 132, agreed to an interview with an attorney present and 208 refused an interview.
Representatives from the San Diego Immigrant Rights Consortium, a coalition of groups throughout the county that advocate on behalf of immigrants, said they were troubled by what seemed like a small group of people who refused the interview.
If people really knew their rights, Felicia Gomez, policy coordinator of the California Immigrant Policy Center, said at the hearing, “most people should be outright denying the ICE interview.”
The trend grew more pronounced in 2018. Although fewer people overall were released to ICE and could be interviewed by immigration officials because of the implementation of the California Values Act, more people agreed to be interviewed than those who didn’t.
In 2018 so far, 84 people in Sheriff’s Department custody agreed to an interview with ICE agents without an attorney, while only 76 outright refused interviews. Twenty-three individuals agreed to interviews with an attorney present.
“There are a higher number of individuals who are accepting ICE interviews without an attorney than who are refusing,” Gomez said.
Gomez said those numbers suggest people don’t really understand their rights. She was also concerned that the Sheriff’s Department didn’t have a good way to communicate people’s rights and what they were signing in languages other than English.
But the San Diego Sheriff’s Department clarified to Voice of San Diego that the Truth Act requires the consent forms be made available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, and Korean.
“The five languages are listed at the top of every form,” Lieutenant Karen Stubkjaer, a Sheriff’s Department spokeswoman, said in an email. “All individuals are advised to check the box next to the corresponding language they wish to receive the form in.”
Later in an interview, Gomez said that the Sheriff’s Department’s forms are in compliance with the Truth Act.
“They’re good forms, so it’s rather strange that those numbers for people consenting to interviews are higher,” she said. “It makes me wonder how those forms are being relayed to folks.”
The forms clearly state there will be no negative consequences if someone decides not to consent to an ICE interview, Gomez said, but she wonders whether there is any form of coercion happening when the forms are being presented.
“Those are the things that are hard for us as advocates to track since we’re not in the jails to see it happen,” she said.
Then there are other issues, Gomez said at the hearing. While ICE is no longer allowed permanent space in county jails, officials are still there frequently.
The Sheriff’s Department will release people into a reception area, where ICE will then take custody, for example. That’s not officially considered a transfer to ICE by the Sheriff’s Department, Gomez said. But she considers it one.
The department also posts release dates online of individuals in their custody, which is concerning, Gomez said.
“ICE can actually go onto the county website and find a release date,” she said. “We have heard stories of ICE waiting outside of county jails to pick people up right as they are released.”
Several other speakers brought up issues with the forum itself. It was held at 9 a.m. on a Tuesday, a time when many of the constituents actually impacted by policies like the Truth Act are working. (The Board of Supervisors regularly holds meetings during the day on Tuesdays, and has faced similar access complaints from other groups as well.)
The San Diego Immigration Rights Consortium sent a letter to the county requesting that the meeting be rescheduled for a time that is more accessible, but the county denied the request.
Maria Elena Morales, who works with the American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego and Imperial Counties, said she came to the meeting with her son, but when he walked in, he told her he didn’t feel like he belonged there.
“I want to know when we have these forums, our voices our heard, where my son won’t say, ‘I don’t feel heard here, I don’t feel safe,'” Morales said during public comment. “This is not what community looks like, my son doesn’t feel like he belongs in this place. My community is hard at work. They should be here but can’t afford to take time off from their jobs. People that are being detained and then sent to immigration should be here.”
The members of the Board of Supervisors said hardly anything in response to the comments and information presented. Supervisor Dianne Jacob asked the only question, after one public commenter accused the county of violating the Truth Act because the meeting wasn’t really a forum.
“Are we in compliance with the Truth Act?” Jacob asked the county counsel.
They were, the counsel responded.
“It really came across as the Board of Supervisors just checking off a box that they did this,” Gomez said later in an interview.
This story originally appeared in New America’s digital magazine, New America Weekly, a Pacific Standard partner site. Sign up to get New America Weekly delivered to your inbox, and follow @NewAmerica on Twitter.
