Hundreds of companies have pledged to cut commodities grown on deforested land from their supply chains, but few have turned those promises into successful policies.
Rulings in recent years have effectively forced consumers to file class actions in the region where the corporation is based or to disaggregate claims into separate filings.
Fines for companies have risen over the last 25 years, but the number of prosecutions has remained roughly the same, according to information compiled by a University of Virginia law professor and his research team.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 was meant to protect artists and programmers, but it has ended up preventing consumers from fixing their products.
A fierce group of local activists, including a cappella group Raging Grannies, brought about a deciding vote. Though Portland will likely lose $4.5 million annually starting in 2020, its city council will have more time to address other pressing issues, including homelessness.